Chelyabinsk

Since 1743 it has been the center of a great Eset Province. Before 1781 Chelyabinsk represented a military settlement where Cossacks lived. Before 1917 Chelyabinsk was a quite small and not really notable chief town of Orenburg Territory. When the building of Samaro-Zlatousk rail road had been completed and a railroad way from Moscow to Chelyabinsk was opened the city became more popular.

Within the shot period of time Chelyabinsk became one of the largest market towns in Russia and one of the country leaders in trading bread, butter, meat and tea. In 1896 the railroad to Ekaterinburg was put into operation. In some years the population increased several times. A lot of villages arose around the city and so the total area became three times larger. Chelyabinsk became an important transitional point, a so-called Siberian gate.

Industry and education began to develop like a shot. Female gymnasium, non-classical, religious secondary schools and market school were opened. People's House and Club of railroad meetings were built. The thirties of the twentieth century . Such new words as «pyatiletka»[five-year plan], «bastion of industry», «udarniki»[shock workers], «Stakhanovites» could have been read more and more often on the pages of central and local issues. For Chelyabinsk it was the time of commercial changes, the time of the industrial march of enthusiasts. On September 15, 1930 Chelyabinsk state district power station was set going. During the Great Patriotic War Chelyabinsk played an important role as a rearward city. In that period Ural was a real support for Soviet army. A large number of fabrics were evacuated there from the central part of the country. Chelyabinsk is the place where world-known «Katyusha» and tanks T-34 were produced.

In postwar years Chelyabinsk was keeping on growing up. Cultural life of the city underwent great changes. New cinemas, museums, educational institutions and also cultural and organisations of art were opened. For almost three centuries the population of Chelyabinsk became 1080 times more. And if the first its inhabitants were Cossacks so by XXI century the representatives of nearly hundred nationalities live there. The population of the city forms 1 148 000.

In 1934 Chelyabinsk got the status of the center of Chelyabinsk region, the largest industrial, cultural, and scientific center of the South Ural. And it remains to be the same.

The industry is presented by the largest city factories: metallurgic, tractor, electrode producing and tube rolling ones. There are some enterprises of chemical, light and food industry in Chelyabinsk. Seven institutions of Higher Education are located in the city. They are South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk State University, Agro-engineering and Pedagogical Universities, Medical institution, Institution of Culture and Art and Institution of Physical Education. People in Chelyabinsk have the opportunity to visit 5 state and 4 municipal theatres, an art gallery, Philharmonic Hall, an organ hall, a circus, a few museums and 19 cinemas. There is also a municipal jazz center, the center of modern arts, some TV and radio stations. Chelyabinsk is famous for its cultural and natural wealth.

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