Gorohovets
Gorohovets is located at a distance of 11 km from railway station “Gorohovets”. The town arose of the fortress, founded by Jury Dolgoruky on the bank of the Klyazma river. This place is interesting in keeping of monuments not only of church architecture, but also ancient izbas round them.
Familiarity with the town begins with the excursion in the Nicolsky hill, the highest top in the town.
In XII century the town was a strength frontier stronghold on south – east of Vladimir – Suzdal princedom. After 1239 year the town was burnt by Tatar – mongols. In XV century the city belonged to Nizhnii Novgorod, and later to Moscow.
In 1539 year Kazan Tatars made a raid on the town. The outskirts were brought to ruin. While laying siege to the town, above the hill appeared the shape of big warrior with a sword. The enemies were panic – stricken, they had to give up, since that time, that place began to call a «Puzhalova hill».
Later, by order of Michael Romanov was created a monastery with wooden church.
By 1678 year inside previous town, and the monastery, was erected the whole complex of wooden church buildings, which was fenced.
Stone buildings appeared in the town in XVII century.
The town rapidly grew. Rich merchants wished their names to be immortalized and their prosperities to be shown, they deposited the money in the building of stone temples. One of them was the Troizky cathedral in Nikolsky monastery, built in means of merchant Semen Ershov in 1681 year.
Extraordinary architectural ensemble of Nikolsky monastery was kept for present time. Firstly, this temple was rebuilt in XVII-XVIII century. In his panorama Troizky cathedral take a dominante place. It is two – storied building: on the first floor the winter Nikolskay church having been placed, on the second floor was the summer Troizkaya. According to the plan this building is a right – angled without any columns, but with five – heads. The windows is set in frame by drops with notched and carinated end.
Thanks to another patron of art and merchant Ivan Shiryarv, in 1710 year appeared the Refectory church of Ioann Lestvinchik. In Soviet time, this church lost one head, besides, were built some sheds. So, as th result this building became to remind the usual dwelling house.
On the means of Ivan Ershov in the town appeared and other constructions. They are the cathedral of Annunciation of God and Seretensky monastery, built in 1700 and 1689 years. The Annunciation of God cathedral is placed on central square of the town, covering the vanity of town life by power of his epic sounding. This cathedral have an austere, modest, great style, topped five – headed temple. This temple looks like in capital cathedrals. A well – shaped and high ring (37m) takes a dominante place not only in the ensemble of cathedral's buildings, but in the whole town.
The town is famous for its stone merchant chambers. It numbers seven chambers. For example, beyond the Voskresenskaya church, which is located in the central square, and the building of former prison there is the house of merchant Ershov. Now this erection belongs to Gorohovetsk Historical and Architectural Museum, the exposition of which includes the collection of old gramophones, gramophone records. The museum disposes of the great fund of ancient documents, photos. Besides that, the exterior an interior of the building also attract visitor’s attention. The old interior of the house was completely kept. In the erection there is a ground floor, below stairs, from which an intraparietal passageway leads to the former owner’s room. The overstory, wooden, too decorated with fretwork, was intended for women of the family.
In 1970 year Gorohovets was included in the list of historical town in Russia, having the monuments, having been represented a large importance. It was included in the system of touristic route «Zolotoe Koltso» of Russia. Here, the old neighbours with the new: one – storied private houses, built a long years ago, with old bricked barbs, gates and modern many – storied houses.
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